Ahmad Ghiasvand
Abstract
This study aimed to describe and explain the values and attitudes of women about gender behaviors in Tehran. The theoretical framework of the study has used Ajzen and his colleagues, Julian Rotter, and Chalabi's theory of behavior. The survey method has been used for research and its statistical population ...
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This study aimed to describe and explain the values and attitudes of women about gender behaviors in Tehran. The theoretical framework of the study has used Ajzen and his colleagues, Julian Rotter, and Chalabi's theory of behavior. The survey method has been used for research and its statistical population is "All girls and women of 15 years and more of Tehran in 1399". The data collection is done through the questionnaire tool and the method of sampling is multi -step sampling; According to Cochran formula, the sample size is estimated at 1200 people. According to the theoretical framework of the research, gender behaviors were considered as dependent variables and gender identity, meaning, opportunity and norms as independent variables. The findings of the study describe the attitude of marriage, the role of maternal, fertility, employment, and the tendency to educate women. Among married women the most important concern is maintaining family life; in contrast, the marriage is the least important for single girls. In the final analysis, it can be concluded that the extrabiological pattern of women's gender behaviors in the form of feminist and individualistic values and attitudes is overwhelmed by the biological pattern.
Rabee Ali; Saeedeh Amini; Ahmad Ghiyasvand
Abstract
Drawing on thinkers such as William Davis, Sarah Ahmad, and Sam Binkley, we have aimed to depict the characteristics of happiness discourse in Iran. So, by using the method of Fairclough discourse analysis, we examined the various issues of Success Magazine over the past thirty years at three levels ...
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Drawing on thinkers such as William Davis, Sarah Ahmad, and Sam Binkley, we have aimed to depict the characteristics of happiness discourse in Iran. So, by using the method of Fairclough discourse analysis, we examined the various issues of Success Magazine over the past thirty years at three levels of description, interpretation, and explanation. At the level of description, we found that frequently used words and concepts such as "happiness", "success", "stress", "peace" and the like are used in positive/negative friendships. Also, metaphors like "secret", "step", "way" and the like are used in these texts, which have a one-sided and preaching structure. At the level of interpretation, we found that in this discourse, man is reduced to mind and energy. The relationship between him and the world is explained through a unique combination of scientific discourses such as psychology and physics with a quasi-religious-mystical approach. At the level of explanation, we found the expansion of the market-based economy, the growth of the middle class, globalization, and consequently the emergence of "self" in its modern meaning as the leading causes for the prevalence of this discourse in Iran.
Ahmad Ghiasvand; Zeinab Hajilu
Abstract
In the last three to four decades girls in the social and cultural change of Iranian society have experienced different opportunities and restrictions to start life. In this regard, what can be proposed as a general issue of this research is to understand single lives experienced by girls, and their ...
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In the last three to four decades girls in the social and cultural change of Iranian society have experienced different opportunities and restrictions to start life. In this regard, what can be proposed as a general issue of this research is to understand single lives experienced by girls, and their contexts and challenges, so that it can be theorized through the method of grounded theory. Participants in this study were girls of 30 years and older in Tehran in 1397. Sampling was based on the theoretical sampling and purposive sampling and, 22 individual interviews were conducted with two groups of individuals. According to coding processes the main category is extracted as a central phenomenon is "Girls Pantomime in marriage'' and also, the decision-making process of girls exposed to marriage opportunities is categorized In four scenes as: not recounting marriage, not involving girls in marriage, delaying marriage. Such attitude of marriages provides synchronicity of decision, hesitation, delay for marriage. In turn, it provokes strategies with themes "experiencing separation and segregation" by girls. Such experiences, as well as strategies, have consequences and challenges in the form of continuing the social breath by pursuing professional advancement, praising piety, abandoning the cactus of life and the horrors of old age.
ahmad ghyasvand
Abstract
دین در جامعه ایرانی با توجه به شرایط تاریخی، اجتماعی و سیاسی آن، از جایگاه بالایی برخوردار است. پژوهش در حوزه ارزش‌ها و رفتار دینی مردم، در جهت درک تحولات و از سویی پیش‌بینی ...
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دین در جامعه ایرانی با توجه به شرایط تاریخی، اجتماعی و سیاسی آن، از جایگاه بالایی برخوردار است. پژوهش در حوزه ارزش‌ها و رفتار دینی مردم، در جهت درک تحولات و از سویی پیش‌بینی تغییرات آن، متضمن انجام مطالعات مستمر در طی سال‌های مختلف می‌باشد. مطالعه حاضر به روش تحلیل ثانویه انجام پذیرفته و سعی دارد یافته‌های حاصل از پیمایش‌های ملی مختلف طی سال‌های 1353 تا 1390 را مورد تحلیل قرار دهد. بنابراین با عنایت به داده‌های پژوهش‌های قبلی موجود، دو بعد رفتار و باور دینی در چهار سطح فردی، جمعی، سیاسی و اجتماعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه برای تحلیل رفتار و باور مردم ایران از دو رویکرد سکولار شدن جامعه با تکیه‌بر نظرات «پیتر برگر» و نیز تعبیر کارکردی و عملکردی دین از نظریه «لوهمان» استفاده شده است. در مجموع یافته‌های حاصل نشان می‌دهد که چندان تفاوتی مبنی بر افزایش یا کاهش چشمگیر در رفتارها و احساسات دینی ـ فردی مردم ایران مشاهده نمی‌گردد. به عبارتی، جامعه دچار نوعی «تثبیت کارکردی» شده و از این حیث افراد جامعه همان‌قدر مذهبی‌اند که در گذشته بوده‌اند. بنابراین تلقی سکولارشدن جامعه، قضاوتی ناصحیح است. البته تفاوت در میزان دینداری جوانان با بزرگسالان و مسن‌ترها را می‌توان ناشی از اقتضائات سنی آن‌ها دانست. در سطح باورها و رفتارهای جمعی، عیلرغم عدم وجود داده‌هایی مبنی بر مقایسه آن با دهه‌های گذشته، ولی در مقایسه با آنچه در اوایل انقلاب و دوران بعد از آن ملاحظه می‌گردد، نوعی «تغییر کارکردی در حوزه رفتارها و باورهای دینی ـ جمعی» را می‌توان استنباط نمود. در واقع کاهش در رفتارهای دینی جمعی آن‌هم از نوع رسمی بیشتر بازتاب تغییرات دوران و کارکردهای خاص خود، به‌ویژه در زمان انقلاب و دوران جنگ است که نوعی نمونه آرمانی «دین دوران» را بر اذهان و آرمان‌های مذهبی به یاد می‌آورد. در نهایت مقایسه رفتارها و باورهای دینی سیاسی و اجتماعی نوعی «قطبی شدن عملکرد دین» را در دو حوزه سیاسی و اجتماعی نشان می‌دهد. به عبارتی نوعی «سیاست‌زدایی از دین» یا «سیاسی شدن دین» و نیز «اخلاق زدایی دینی» یا «اخلاقی کردن دینی» را شاهدیم. ازاین‌رو، تعبیر سکولارشدن در این دو حوزه برداشتی دوگانه است.
